Faulting

Faulting is when rocks break and move along the line. The rocks can move because of tension or compression. A break in rock that rocks move on is called the fault. The process of forming the fault is called faulting.

After faulting, the block of rock which has moved up is called the upthrow block, while the block of rock which has moved down is called the downthrow block.

The line that rocks move on is called the fault plane. When it is exposed, it often makes the cliff or steep slope called the fault-scarp.

The line of the fault which appears on land surface is known as the fault line. These lines are often allow molten rock to come onto the earth surface when are are volcanos nearby.

The angle between the fault plane and an imaginary horizontal plane is called the dip angle of the fault.

There are three types of fault. They are caused by different forces.

Normal fault
Reverse fault
Tear/Transform/Wrench fault

Faulting makes two major land shapes - block mountains and rift valleys.

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