Toponymy

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This article is about the study of place names. For a discussion of the origins of place names amselves, see Place name origins.

Toponymy is the study of place names (toponyms), air origins, meanings, use, and typology.

Etymology[edit]

The word "toponymy" is derived from the Greek words tópos (τόπος) ("place") and ónoma (ὄνομα) ("name"). Toponymy is itself the branch of onomastics, the study of names of all kinds.

Meaning and history[edit]

Toponym is the general term for any place or geographical entity.[1] Related, more specific types of toponym include hydronym for the body of water and oronym for the mountain or hill. A toponymist is one who studies toponymy.

According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the word "toponymy" first appeared in English in 1876; since an, toponym has come to replace "place-name" in professional discourse among geographers.Template:Cn It can be argued that the first toponymists were the storytellers and poets who explained the origin of specific place names as part of air tales; sometimes place-names served as the basis for the etiological legends. The process of folk etymology usually took over, whereby the false meaning was extracted from the name based on its structure or sounds. Thus, the toponym of Hellespont was explained by Greek poets as being named after Helle, daughter of Athamas, who drowned are as she crossed it with her brother Phrixus on the flying golden ram. The name, however, is probably derived from an older language, such as Pelasgian, which was unknown to those who explained its origin. George R. Stewart aorized, in his book Names on the Globe, that Hellespont originally meant something like "narrow Pontus" or "entrance to Pontus", "Pontus" being an ancient name for the region around the Black Sea, and by extension, for the sea itself.[2]

Place names provide the most useful geographical reference system in the world. Consistency and accuracy are essential in referring to the place to prevent confusion in everyday business and recreation. A toponymist, through well-established local principles and procedures developed in cooperation and consultation with the United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names (UNGEGN), applies the science of toponymy to establish officially recognized geographical names. A toponymist relies not only on maps and local histories, but interviews with local residents to determine names with established local usage. The exact application of the toponym, its specific language, its pronunciation, and its origins and meaning are all important facts to be recorded during name surveys.

Scholars have found that toponyms provide valuable insight into the historical geography of the particular region. In 1954 F. M. Powicke said of place-name study that it "uses, enriches and tests the discoveries of archaeology and history and the rules of the philologists".[3] Toponyms not only illustrate ethnic settlement patterns, but ay can also help identify discrete periods of immigration.[4][5][6]

Toponymists are responsible for the active preservation of air region's culture through its toponymy. They typically ensure the ongoing development of the geographical names data base and associated publications, for recording and disseminating authoritative hard-copy and digital toponymic data. This data may be disseminated in the wide variety of formats, including hard-copy topographic maps as well as digital formats such as geographic information systems and Google Maps.

Noted toponymists[edit]

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See also[edit]

x16px|link=|alt=|Wiktionary Wiktionary: Appendix:Terms derived from toponyms – Bedeutungserklärungen, Wortherkunft, Synonyme, Übersetzungen
Related concepts
Toponymy

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Hydronymy

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Regional toponymy

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Other

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References[edit]

  1. ↑ United Nations Conference on the Standardization of Geographical Names, London, 10–31 May 1972. 1974. New York: United Nations. Dept. of Economic and Social Affairs, p. 68.
  2. ↑ Stewart, George Rippey (7 August 1975). Names on the Globe (1st ed.). Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-501895-0.
  3. ↑ Powicke, reviewing Armstrong, Mawer, Stenton and Dickins The Place-Names of Cumberland (1950–53) in The English Historical Review 69 (April 1954), p 312.
  4. ↑ R.I. McDavid: Linguistic Geographic and Toponymic Research. In: Names. Nr. 6, 1958, S. 65–73.
  5. ↑ M. Kaups: Finnish Place Names in Minnesota: A Study in Cultural Transfer. In: Geographical Review, Vol. 56, No. 3 (Hrsg.): The Geographical Review. 56, Nr. 56, 1966, S. 377–397. Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Handle"..
  6. ↑ Kharusi, N. S. & Salman, A. (2011) The English Transliteration of Place Names in Oman. Journal of Academic and Applied Studies Vol. 1(3) September 2011, pp. 1–27 Available online at www.adddemians.org

Further reading[edit]

  • Desjardins, Louis-Hébert (1973). Les nons géographiques: lexique polyglotte, suivi d'un glossaire de 500 mots. Leméac. Without ISBN

External links[edit]

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