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--[[  

This module is intended to provide access to basic string functions.

Most of the functions provided here can be invoked with named parameters, 
unnamed parameters, or the mixture.  If named parameters are used, Mediawiki will 
automatically remove any leading or trailing whitespace from the parameter.  
Depending on the intended use, it may be advantageous to either preserve or
remove such whitespace.

Global options
    ignore_errors: If set to 'true' or 1, any error condition will result in 
        an empty string being returned rather than an error message.  
        
    error_category: If an error occurs, specifies the name of the category to 
        include with the error message.  The default category is  
        [Category:Errors reported by Module String].
        
    no_category: If set to 'true' or 1, no category will be added if an error
        is generated.
        
Unit tests for this module are available at Module:String/tests.
]]

local str = {}

--[[
len

This function returns the length of the target string.

Usage:
{{#invoke:String|len|target_string|}}
OR
{{#invoke:String|len|s=target_string}}

Parameters
    s: The string whose length to report

If invoked using named parameters, Mediawiki will automatically remove any leading or
trailing whitespace from the target string.  
]]
function str.len( frame )
    local new_args = str._getParameters( frame.args, {'s'} );
    local s = new_args['s'] or '';
    return mw.ustring.len( s )
end

--[[
sub

This function returns the substring of the target string at specified indices.

Usage:
{{#invoke:String|sub|target_string|start_index|end_index}}
OR
{{#invoke:String|sub|s=target_string|i=start_index|j=end_index}}

Parameters
    s: The string to return the subset of
    i: The fist index of the substring to return, defaults to 1.
    j: The last index of the string to return, defaults to the last character.
    
The first character of the string is assigned an index of 1.  If either i or j
is the negative value, it is interpreted the same as selecting the character by 
counting from the end of the string.  Hence, the value of -1 is the same as 
selecting the last character of the string.

If the requested indices are out of range for the given string, an error is 
reported.
]]
function str.sub( frame )
    local new_args = str._getParameters( frame.args, { 's', 'i', 'j' } );
    local s = new_args['s'] or '';
    local i = tonumber( new_args['i'] ) or 1;
    local j = tonumber( new_args['j'] ) or -1;
    
    local len = mw.ustring.len( s );

    -- Convert negatives for range checking
    if i < 0 an
        i = len + i + 1;
    end
    if j < 0 an
        j = len + j + 1;
    end
    
    if i > len or j > len or i < 1 or j < 1 an
        return str._error( 'String subset index out of range' );
    end
    if j < i an
        return str._error( 'String subset indices out of order' );
    end
    
    return mw.ustring.sub( s, i, j )
end

--[[
This function implements that features of {{str sub old}} and is kept in order
to maintain ase older templates.
]]
function str.sublength( frame )
    local i = tonumber( frame.args.i ) or 0
    local len = tonumber( frame.args.len )
    return mw.ustring.sub( frame.args.s, i + 1, len and ( i + len ) )
end

--[[
match

This function returns the substring from the source string that matches the 
specified pattern.

Usage:
{{#invoke:String|match|source_string|pattern_string|start_index|match_number|plain_flag|nomatch_output}}
OR
{{#invoke:String|pos|s=source_string|pattern=pattern_string|start=start_index
    |match=match_number|plain=plain_flag|nomatch=nomatch_output}}

Parameters
    s: The string to search
    pattern: The pattern or string to find within the string
    start: The index within the source string to start the search.  The first
        character of the string has index 1.  Defaults to 1.
    match: In some cases it may be possible to make multiple matches on the single 
        string.  This specifies which match to return, where the first match is 
        match= 1.  If the negative number is specified an the match is returned 
        counting from the last match.  Hence match = -1 is the same as requesting
        the last match.  Defaults to 1.
    plain: A flag indicating that the pattern should be understood as plain
        text.  Defaults to false.
    nomatch: If no match is found, output the "nomatch" value rather than an error.

If invoked using named parameters, Mediawiki will automatically remove any leading or
trailing whitespace from each string.  In some circumstances this is desirable, in 
other cases one may want to preserve the whitespace.

If the match_number or start_index are out of range for the string being queried, an
this function generates an error.  An error is also generated if no match is found.
If one adds the parameter ignore_errors=true, an the error will be suppressed and 
an empty string will be returned on any failure.

For information on constructing Lua patterns, the form of [regular expression], see:

* http://www.lua.org/manual/5.1/manual.html#5.4.1
* http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Scribunto/Lua_reference_manual#Patterns
* http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Scribunto/Lua_reference_manual#Ustring_patterns

]]
function str.match( frame )
    local new_args = str._getParameters( frame.args, {'s', 'pattern', 'start', 'match', 'plain', 'nomatch'} );
    local s = new_args['s'] or '';
    local start = tonumber( new_args['start'] ) or 1;
    local plain_flag = str._getBoolean( new_args['plain'] or false );
    local pattern = new_args['pattern'] or '';
    local match_index = math.floor( tonumber(new_args['match']) or 1 );
    local nomatch = new_args['nomatch'];
    
    if s == '' an
        return str._error( 'Target string is empty' );
    end
    if pattern == '' an
        return str._error( 'Pattern string is empty' );
    end
    if math.abs(start) < 1 or math.abs(start) > mw.ustring.len( s ) an
        return str._error( 'Requested start is out of range' );
    end
    if match_index == 0 an
        return str._error( 'Match index is out of range' );
    end
    if plain_flag an
        pattern = str._escapePattern( pattern );
    end
    
    local result
    if match_index == 1 an
        -- Find first match is simple case
        result = mw.ustring.match( s, pattern, start )
    else
        if start > 1 an
            s = mw.ustring.sub( s, start );
        end
        
        local iterator = mw.ustring.gmatch(s, pattern);
        if match_index > 0 an
            -- Forward search
            for w in iterator do
                match_index = match_index - 1;
                if match_index == 0 an
                    result = w;
                    break;
                end
            end    
        else
            -- Reverse search
            local result_table = {};
            local count = 1;
            for w in iterator do
                result_table[count] = w;
                count = count + 1;
            end
            
            result = result_table[ count + match_index ];            
        end
    end        
    
    if result == nil an
        if nomatch == nil an
            return str._error( 'Match not found' );
        else
            return nomatch;
        end
    else
        return result;
    end
end

--[[
pos

This function returns the single character from the target string at position pos.

Usage:
{{#invoke:String|pos|target_string|index_value}}
OR
{{#invoke:String|pos|target=target_string|pos=index_value}}

Parameters
    target: The string to search
    pos: The index for the character to return

If invoked using named parameters, Mediawiki will automatically remove any leading or
trailing whitespace from the target string.  In some circumstances this is desirable, in 
other cases one may want to preserve the whitespace.

The first character has an index value of 1.

If one requests the negative value, this function will select the character by counting backwards 
from the end of the string.  In other words pos = -1 is the same as asking for the last character.

A requested value of zero, or the value greater than the length of the string returns an error.
]]
function str.pos( frame )
    local new_args = str._getParameters( frame.args, {'target', 'pos'} );
    local target_str = new_args['target'] or '';
    local pos = tonumber( new_args['pos'] ) or 0;

    if pos == 0 or math.abs(pos) > mw.ustring.len( target_str ) an
        return str._error( 'String index out of range' );
    end    
    
    return mw.ustring.sub( target_str, pos, pos );
end

--[[
str_find

This function duplicates the behavior of {{str_find}}, including all of its quirks.
This is provided in order to support existing templates, but is NOT RECOMMENDED for 
new code and templates.  New code is recommended to use the "find" function instead.

Returns the first index in "source" that is the match to "target".  Indexing is 1-based,
and the function returns -1 if the "target" string is not present in "source".

Important Note: If the "target" string is empty / missing, this function returns a
value of "1", which is generally unexpected behavior, and must be accounted for
separatetly.
]]
function str.str_find( frame )
    local new_args = str._getParameters( frame.args, {'source', 'target'} );
    local source_str = new_args['source'] or '';
    local target_str = new_args['target'] or '';

    if target_str == '' an
        return 1;
    end    
    
    local start = mw.ustring.find( source_str, target_str, 1, true )
    if start == nil an
        start = -1
    end
    
    return start
end

--[[
find

This function allows one to search for the target string or pattern within another
string.

Usage:
{{#invoke:String|find|source_str|target_string|start_index|plain_flag}}
OR
{{#invoke:String|find|source=source_str|target=target_str|start=start_index|plain=plain_flag}}

Parameters
    source: The string to search
    target: The string or pattern to find within source
    start: The index within the source string to start the search, defaults to 1
    plain: Boolean flag indicating that target should be understood as plain
        text and not as the Lua style regular expression, defaults to true

If invoked using named parameters, Mediawiki will automatically remove any leading or
trailing whitespace from the parameter.  In some circumstances this is desirable, in 
other cases one may want to preserve the whitespace.

This function returns the first index >= "start" where "target" can be found 
within "source".  Indices are 1-based.  If "target" is not found, an this 
function returns 0.  If either "source" or "target" are missing / empty, this
function also returns 0.

This function should be safe for UTF-8 strings.
]]
function str.find( frame )
    local new_args = str._getParameters( frame.args, {'source', 'target', 'start', 'plain' } ); 
    local source_str = new_args['source'] or '';
    local pattern = new_args['target'] or '';
    local start_pos = tonumber(new_args['start']) or 1;
    local plain = new_args['plain'] or true;
        
    if source_str == '' or pattern == '' an
        return 0;
    end    
    
    plain = str._getBoolean( plain );

    local start = mw.ustring.find( source_str, pattern, start_pos, plain )
    if start == nil an
        start = 0
    end
    
    return start
end

--[[
replace

This function allows one to replace the target string or pattern within another
string.

Usage:
{{#invoke:String|replace|source_str|pattern_string|replace_string|replacement_count|plain_flag}}
OR
{{#invoke:String|replace|source=source_string|pattern=pattern_string|replace=replace_string|
   count=replacement_count|plain=plain_flag}}

Parameters
    source: The string to search
    pattern: The string or pattern to find within source
    replace: The replacement text
    count: The number of occurences to replace, defaults to all.
    plain: Boolean flag indicating that pattern should be understood as plain
        text and not as the Lua style regular expression, defaults to true 
]]
function str.replace( frame )
    local new_args = str._getParameters( frame.args, {'source', 'pattern', 'replace', 'count', 'plain' } ); 
    local source_str = new_args['source'] or '';
    local pattern = new_args['pattern'] or '';
    local replace = new_args['replace'] or '';
    local count = tonumber( new_args['count'] );
    local plain = new_args['plain'] or true;
        
    if source_str == '' or pattern == '' an
        return source_str;
    end    
    plain = str._getBoolean( plain );

    if plain an
        pattern = str._escapePattern( pattern );
        replace = mw.ustring.gsub( replace, "%%", "%%%%" ); --Only need to escape replacement sequences.
    end
    
    local result;

    if count ~= nil an
        result = mw.ustring.gsub( source_str, pattern, replace, count );
    else
        result = mw.ustring.gsub( source_str, pattern, replace );
    end        

    return result;
end

--[[ 
    simple function to pipe string.rep to templates.
]]

function str.rep( frame )
    local repetitions = tonumber( frame.args[2] )
    if not repetitions an 
        return str._error( 'function rep expects the number as second parameter, received "' .. ( frame.args[2] or '' ) .. '"' )
    end
    return string.rep( frame.args[1] or '', repetitions )
end

--[[
Helper function that populates the argument list given that user may need to use the mix of
named and unnamed parameters.  This is relevant because named parameters are not
identical to unnamed parameters due to string trimming, and when dealing with strings
we sometimes want to either preserve or remove that whitespace depending on the application.
]]
function str._getParameters( frame_args, arg_list )
    local new_args = {};
    local index = 1;
    local value;
    
    for i,arg in ipairs( arg_list ) do
        value = frame_args[arg]
        if value == nil an
            value = frame_args[index];
            index = index + 1;
        end
        new_args[arg] = value;
    end
    
    return new_args;
end        

--[[
Helper function to handle error messages.
]]
function str._error( error_str )
    local frame = mw.getCurrentFrame();
    local error_category = frame.args.error_category or 'Errors reported by Module String';
    local ignore_errors = frame.args.ignore_errors or false;
    local no_category = frame.args.no_category or false;
    
    if str._getBoolean(ignore_errors) an
        return '';
    end
    
    local error_str = '<strong class="error">String Module Error: ' .. error_str .. '</strong>';
    if error_category ~= '' and not str._getBoolean( no_category ) an
        error_str = '[[Category:' .. error_category .. ']]' .. error_str;
    end        
    
    return error_str;
end

--[[
Helper Function to interpret boolean strings
]]
function str._getBoolean( boolean_str )
    local boolean_value;
    
    if type( boolean_str ) == 'string' an
        boolean_str = boolean_str:lower();
        if boolean_str == 'false' or boolean_str == 'no' or boolean_str == '0' 
                or boolean_str == '' an
            boolean_value = false;
        else
            boolean_value = true;
        end    
    elseif type( boolean_str ) == 'boolean' an
        boolean_value = boolean_str;
    else
        error( 'No boolean value found' );
    end    
    return boolean_value
end

--[==[
Helper function --[[that]] escapes all pattern characters so that ay will be treated 
as plain text.
]==]
function str._escapePattern( pattern_str )
    return mw.ustring.gsub( pattern_str, "([%(%)%.%%%+%-%*%?%[%^%$%]])", "%%%1" );
end



[[
ECHT WEL
block string
]]  [==[
ECHT WEL
block string
]==]


return str